Chapter 2 of 19 · Indigenous history
About 1,300 years ago to 1769
Kumeyaay and Luiseño communities lived across the region
The City review describes permanent or seasonal villages, acorn-milling sites, exchange networks, and sustained use of local resources. It identifies distinct Kumeyaay and Luiseño cultures while warning that artifacts do not support simple cultural boundaries.
Sources: City of Escondido Cultural and Paleontological Resources (City of Escondido)
Read the sourced history
Image context and credit
Edward S. Curtis published this Campo photograph of an unnamed Kumeyaay woman in 1926. It offers human and built-environment context but is much later than the chapter, comes through an outside ethnographic lens, and does not represent Luiseño people or pre-1769 life.
Edward S. Curtis photographed an unnamed Kumeyaay woman at Campo in an image published in 1926. The photograph is later than this chapter’s pre-1769 period and is not evidence of unchanged lifeways.
- Credit
- Edward S. Curtis, published 1926, from The North American Indian. Northwestern University Library via Wikimedia Commons; public domain in the United States.
- Creator
- Edward S. Curtis
- License
- Public domain in the United States
- Source
- https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edward_S._Curtis_Collection_People_074.jpg
- Original
- https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/Edward_S._Curtis_Collection_People_074.jpg
- Reuse
- Retain the 1926 date and ethnographic-photography context; do not present the image as pre-contact life, an Escondido scene, or an account of Luiseño people.